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Robert of Melun
Robert of Melun (c. 1100 – 27 February 1167) was an English scholastic Christian theologian who taught in France, and later became Bishop of Hereford in England. He studied under Peter Abelard in Paris before teaching there and at Melun, which gave him his surname. His students included John of Salisbury, Roger of Worcester, William of Tyre, and possibly Thomas Becket. Robert was involved in the Council of Reims in 1148, which condemned the teachings of Gilbert de la Porrée. Three of his theological works survive, and show him to have been strictly orthodox.
Robert returned to England in 1160, and was appointed Bishop of Hereford in 1163. King Henry II of England appointed him to the see, or bishopric, and was influenced by in his decision by Pope Alexander II and Thomas Becket. Following his consecration, Robert became involved in the dispute between Becket and the king, during which he generally took the king's side. He also served as a papal and a royal judge.
==Early life==
Robert was born in England, probably in about 1100.〔Knowles ''Episcopal Colleagues'' pp. 28–30〕 Nothing else is known of his background.〔Rampolla "Melun, Robert de" ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography''〕 He owed his name to the place where he taught, Melun in France.〔Barlow ''English Church'' pp. 251–252〕 Robert studied under Peter Abelard and Hugh of St. Victor at the University of Paris, where in 1137 he succeeded Abelard as a teacher in the school on Mont Ste-Geneviève.〔Barrow ''(Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1066–1300: Volume 8: Hereford )''〕 John of Salisbury and William of Tyre were among his pupils in Paris.〔Knowles ''Evolution of Medieval Thought'' p. 178–179〕 King Henry II of England's cousin, Roger of Worcester, later the Bishop of Worcester, was another of Robert's students.〔Knowles ''Episcopal Colleagues'' p. 22〕 He probably also taught Thomas Becket, later Archbishop of Canterbury,〔〔Warren ''Henry II'' p. 473〕 although this is not certain.〔Church ''English Church'' p. 256〕〔Barlow ''Thomas Becket'' p. 20〕
Robert went to Melun in 1142 to direct a school,〔 but returned to Paris in 1147.〔Keats-Rohan ''Domesday Descendants'' p. 831〕 He took part in the condemnation of Gilbert de la Porrée at the Council of Rheims in 1148,〔 working with Peter Lombard to secure Porrée's recantation.〔 A small consistory court was held after the ending of the council's deliberations, and was attended by Bernard of Clairvaux and Suger of St Denis, along with Robert and Peter. This court forced Porrée to repudiate his views on the Trinity.〔Nielsen "Peter Abelard and Gilbert of Poitiers" ''Medieval Theologians'' p. 115〕〔Barlow ''Thomas Becket'' p. 35〕 A fellow scholar, Herbert of Bosham, described Robert as a great teacher, who "sent forth from himself, like rays of his light, a great and learned host of students".〔Quoted in Rampolla "Melun, Robert de" ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography''〕
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